Simulation of sea breeze events during the 2024 dry season along the Cilacap coastline, Indonesia, using the WRF model with satellite data assimilation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29080/mrcm.v7i2.2617Keywords:
dry season, Himawari-9, objective filtering, sea breeze, WRFDAAbstract
Sea breeze is a coastal meteorological circulation driven by the thermal contrast between land and adjacent water. This study identified and simulated selected sea-breeze events over the Cilacap coastal region during the dry season (May–August 2024). A modified objective filtering procedure was applied using wind speed, wind direction, a positive land–coastal surface air temperature difference, flow persistence, and precipitation. Two events were selected, occurring on 14 May and 24 August 2024. These events were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting–Advanced Research WRF model with three-dimensional variational assimilation of Himawari-9 infrared radiance data. The horizontal fields showed that onshore flow began to develop at approximately 11:00 LT and became most continuous around 13:00 LT. On 14 May, the circulation weakened by approximately 17:00 LT, whereas on 24 August it remained identifiable until approximately 19:00 LT. Statistical evaluation against automatic weather station (AWS) observations yielded wind-speed correlation coefficients of 0.534 and 0.923, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 1.196 and 0.851 m/s for 14 May and 24 August, respectively. Wind-rose comparisons showed generally consistent onshore directional patterns, although differences remained in directional frequency and wind-speed classes. Because no unassimilated WRF control experiment was conducted, the verification assesses only the agreement between the WRF Data Assimilation (WRFDA) simulation and AWS observations and does not quantify the added value of Himawari-9 data assimilation.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Bima Arzhida, Yosafat Doni Haryanto, Avrionesti, Purwanti Lelly Sabrina
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